Out of the wide range of biotic and abiotic factors, the most significant role in the shaping of mill-based landscapes was played by artificial landforms and specific transformations of the hydrographic network. The 800-year period of the functioning of watermills in Northern Poland has led to the generation of a special type of cultural landscape, termed ‘molinotope’. Their number changed over time, with the progress of civilisation, as a result of wars, changes in land use, drainage, irrigation and climate change. The distribution of 1217 watermills along rivers in the lower Vistula catchment area since the 12th century has been reconstructed on the basis of cartographic materials and historical sources. The paper presents the role of watermills in the shaping and evolution of cultural landscape.
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